A common practice in mediation is to allow the parties to unwind in caucus. This strategy aims to release the overflow of emotions and allow the parties to return to the session in a calm and rational state. However, several studies have shown that this practice can actually increase (rather than decrease) the emotional charge of the parties. Researchers also use the term "myth of catharsis" to describe the popular belief that it is always healthy for people/parties to vent their frustrations.
According to the research results, the impression that the unwinding of emotions is a good strategy comes from the fact that, in the short term, the parties feel better after expressing dissatisfaction/anger. However, in the medium term, research shows that this is followed by a resurgence of frustration and increased aggression. A consequence of this is the reduction of reasonable behavior by the parties which can lead to escalation as the parties exhibit less restraint. Does this mean that the mediator should not encourage the expression of emotions?
Not necessarily. Research shows that the unwinding of frustration can be effective if catharsis is followed by an exploration of the causes and search for solutions. While looking for a solution may not always be successful, it is important to channel the energy of the parties to find solutions. Thus, two rules can be proposed to mediators:
- If you allow venting sessions in caucus, it is better to then explore the causes and possible solutions;
- If you do not intend to explore the causes of frustration and find a solution, it is better to avoid a venting sessions with the parties during caucus.
Despite their apparent simplicity, these rules provide an important nuance. Sometimes it is strategic to discourage unwinding frustrations. In some situations, the mediator may determine that it would not be appropriate to explore the causes or seek solutions to some of the frustrations of the parties (e.g. whims that cannot be satisfied). In these specific cases, it is to the mediator’s advantage not to allow the parties to unwind in caucus.
Reference
- Lilienfield, N.A., Lynn, S.J., Ruscio, J. and B.L. Beyerstein. 2010. 50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology. Wiley-Blackwell, p. 147-151.
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